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- $Unique_ID{BRK04218}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Shy-Drager Syndrome}
- $Subject{Shy-Drager Syndrome Progressive Autonomic Failure PAF Orthostatic
- Hypotension Orthostatic Hypotension in Neurological Disease Postural
- Hypotension Parkinson's Disease }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1987, 1988, 1990, 1991 , 1992 National Organization
- for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 242:
- Shy-Drager Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Shy-Drager Syndrome) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
- find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by
- this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Progressive Autonomic Failure
- PAF
- Orthostatic Hypotension
- Orthostatic Hypotension in Neurological Disease
- Postural Hypotension
-
- Information on the following disease can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Parkinson's Disease
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or
- treatment purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this
- disorder, please contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed
- in the "Resources" section of this report.
-
-
- Shy-Drager Syndrome is due to an impairment of the autonomic nervous
- system. This disorder is primarily characterized by low blood pressure
- associated with dizziness or momentary blackouts upon standing. Initial
- symptoms usually include bladder problems, which can become more severe.
- Sexual impotence may occur in males. Other symptoms resembling those of
- Parkinson's disease may develop with time. The course of Shy-Drager Syndrome
- is variable, and some patients may have mild symptoms for up to twenty years.
-
- Symptoms
-
- The initial symptoms of Shy-Drager Syndrome may be bladder problems and/or
- sexual impotence in males. The urinary difficulties may become progressively
- more severe. Dizziness or momentary blackouts often occur as a consequence
- of low blood pressure that occurs when the patient stands up (orthostatic
- hypotension). Patients may also experience constipation, and urinary or
- rectal incontinence. Additionally, dry skin due to loss of the ability to
- sweat, vision disturbances, and loss of pigment in the iris of the eyes can
- occur.
-
- Symptoms not related to the autonomic nervous system abnormalities may
- include slowness of movement, unsteady gait, slurred speech, mild tremors,
- and loss of balance or other symptoms resembling those of Parkinson's
- disease. (For more information on Parkinson's Disease, choose "Parkinson" as
- your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- In later stages, patients may develop breathing problems such as loud
- respirations (stridor), or episodes of momentary breathing stoppages during
- sleep (apnea). Heart beat irregularities may also occur. Chewing,
- swallowing, speaking and breathing may become increasingly difficult as this
- disorder progresses.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Shy-Drager Syndrome is not known, although scientists
- believe it may have either environmental or genetic predisposition causes.
- Symptoms are caused by an impairment of the autonomic nervous system. The
- autonomic nervous system is involved with autonomous functions essential for
- our survival such as heart rate, breathing, sweating, intestinal, urinary and
- sexual functions. It also controls skin and body temperature and how our
- body responds to stress.
-
- Environmental causes are often related to occupational exposure to such
- toxins as: metal dusts and fumes, plastic monomers and additives, organic
- solvents, and pesticides.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Shy-Drager Syndrome affects males twice as often as females. However, the
- incidence of the syndrome in the general population is not known. According
- to one study, Shy-Drager Syndrome was incorrectly diagnosed as Parkinson's
- disease in approximately 1.8 percent of cases of Parkinson's disease
- patients. Age of onset of this disorder ranges from thirty-seven to seventy-
- five years, with an average onset at fifty-five years of age.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorder can be similar to those of Shy-Drager
- Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Parkinson's disease is a slowly progressive neurological disorder
- characterized by tremor, muscular rigidity, slowness of movement, balance
- problems and difficulty in initiating movements. In Parkinson's disease,
- there are degenerative changes in certain areas of the brain, and a decrease
- in dopamine levels in neurons associated with these areas. Parkinsonian
- symptoms, however, may very rarely be secondary to strokes or tumors in the
- brain. Exposure to certain drugs and toxins may also be associated with
- symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
-
- Parkinson's disease may affect the autonomic nervous system although
- symptoms are usually milder than those among Shy-Drager Syndrome patients.
- In some cases, the distinction between these two disorders is hard to
- determine. The nervous system dysfunction is usually confined to one system
- in Parkinson's, whereas many systems may be affected by Shy-Drager Syndrome.
- (For more information on this disorder, choose "Parkinson" as your search
- term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Shy-Drager Syndrome is aimed at controlling symptoms.
- Antiparkinson medication must be used with caution because it can lower blood
- pressure, thus causing blackouts. To relieve the low blood pressure, dietary
- increases of salt and fluid may be beneficial. Elastic stockings may be worn
- on the legs. Drugs to elevate blood pressure such as corticosteroid
- derivatives must be carefully monitored by a physician to avoid side-effects.
- Surgical insertion of an artificial feeding tube (gastrostomy), or an
- artificial breathing tube (tracheostomy) may be necessary for treatment of
- breathing and swallowing difficulties. On rare occasions, a pacemaker may be
- implanted to correct heart irregularities.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Researchers are investigating the orphan drug Midodrine as a treatment for
- Shy-Drager Syndrome. Those interested in participating in clinical research
- trials can ask their doctor to contact:
-
- Roberts Pharmaceuticals
- Meridian Center III
- 6 Industrial Way West
- Eatontown, NJ 07724
- (201) 389-1182
-
- The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) is
- seeking certain individuals affected by Shy-Drager Syndrome for participation
- in a clinical research project. For complete information, those interested
- should have their physicians contact:
-
- Ms. Linda Nee, M.S.W. or Dr. Ronald Polinsky
- NINCDS Medical Neurology Branch
- Bldg. 10, Rm. 5N236
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-8850
-
- Clinical trials are underway to study taxonomy and therapy od Orthostatic
- Hypotension. Interested persons may wish to contact:
-
- Dr. Italo Biaggioni
- AA 3228 MCN
- Vanderbilt University GCRC
- Nashville, TN 37232
- (615) 343-6499
-
- to see if further patients are needed for this research.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Shy-Drager Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Shy-Drager Syndrome Support Group
- 1607 Silver Ave., S.E.
- Albuquerque, NM 87106
- (505) 243-5118
-
- David Robertson, MD
- Autonomic Dysfunction Center
- Vanderbilt University
- Nashville, TN 37232-2195
- (615) 343-6499
-
- International Tremor Foundation
- 360 West Superior Street
- Chicago, IL 60610
- (312) 664-2344
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- References
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Eds.: W. B. Saunders Co., 1988. Pp. 1466, 2106-7, 2153.
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed: R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
- Research Laboratories, 1987. Pp. 407, 1427.
-
-